critical variable memory

[ˈvɛərɪəbl]

access variable вчт. переменная доступа anonymous variable вчт. анонимная переменная apparent variable вчт. связанная переменная array variable вчт. массив attitude variable показатель отношения потребителей automatic variable вчт. динамическая локальная переменная autonomous variable вчт. независимая переменная auxiliary variable вчт. вспомогательная переменная background variable основная переменная based variable вчт. базированная переменная basic variable вчт. базисная переменная boolean variable вчт. логическая переменная bound variable вчт. связанная переменная bounded variable вчт. ограниченная переменная chance variable случайная величина chance variable вчт. случайная переменная character variable вчт. знаковая переменная class variable вчт. переменная класса compile-time variable вчт. переменная периода трансляции complemented variable вчт. переменная с отрицанием continuous variable вчт. непрерывная переменная control variable вчт. управляющая переменная correlated variables коррелированные переменные critical variable стат. критический фактор discontinuous variable вчт. разрывная переменная discrete variable вчт. дискретная переменная dual variable вчт. двойственная переменная dummy variable вчт. несущественная переменная dummy variable вчт. фиктивная переменная environment variable вчт. переменная режима file variable вчт. файловая переменная fixed variable вчт. заданная переменная free variable вчт. свободная переменная global variable вчт. глобальная переменная hidden variable вчт. замаскированная переменная independent variable вчт. независимая переменная independent variable независимая переменная independent variable стат. независимая переменная instance variable вчт. экземплярная переменная integer variable вчт. целая переменная integer variable вчт. целочисленная переменная jointly dependent variables вчт. совместно зависимые переменные label variable вчт. переменная типа метки latent variable вчт. ненаблюдаемая переменная latent variable вчт. скрытая переменная leading variable вчт. ведущая переменная legitimate variable вчт. истинная переменная linguistic variable вчт. лингвистическая переменная loop variable вчт. параметр из цикла master variable вчт. главная переменная memory variable вчт. переменная памяти metalinguistic variable вчт. металингвистическая переменная missing variable вчт. недостающая переменная monetary variable денежная переменная величина monetary variable денежный фактор morphic variable вчт. морфическая переменная multiple random variable многомерная случайная величина nonbasic variable вчт. небазисная переменная nonrandom variable вчт. неслучайная переменная normalized variable вчт. нормированная переменная numerical variable вчт. числовая переменная operation variable вчт. операторная переменная outgoing variable вчт. выводимая переменная output variable вчт. выходная переменная predetermined variable вчт. заранее определенная переменная primal variable переменная прямой задачи primal variables переменные прямой задачи queue-size variable вчт. длина очереди random variable случайная величина real variable вчт. вещественная переменная register variable вчт. регистровая переменная service-time variable вчт. время обслуживания slack variable вчт. свободная переменная slave variable вчт. зависимая переменная state variable вчт. переменная состояния state variable вчт. фазовая переменная status variable вчт. параметр состояния stochastic variable вчт. случайная величина stochastic variables случайные величины stochastical variable вчт. случайная величина stochastical variables случайные величины string variable вчт. строковая переменная subscript variable вчт. индексированная переменная syntactic variable вчт. синтаксическая переменная system variable вчт. системная переменная task variable вчт. переменная задачи temporary variable вчт. временная переменная unbound variable вчт. несвязанная переменная uncomplemented variable вчт. переменная без отрицания undeclared variable вчт. необъявленная переменная uninitialized variable вчт. неинициализированная переменная unrestricted variable вчт. не имеющая ограничений переменная unrestricted variable вчт. неограниченная переменная variable биол. аберрантный; изменчивый variable изменчивый, непостоянный; variable weather неустойчивая погода variable изменчивый variable изменяемый variable количественный признак variable меняющийся variable непостоянный variable мор. неровный ветер variable неустойчивый variable вчт. переменная variable мат. переменная (величина) variable мат. переменная величина variable переменный (тж. мат.) variable переменный variable регулируемый variable мор. районы океана, где нет постоянного ветра variable изменчивый, непостоянный; variable weather неустойчивая погода word variable вчт. переменная типа слово

1) Компьютерная техника: C Virtual Machine

2) Техника: correlation voltmeter, critical variable memory

3) Ветеринария: Christian Veterinary Mission, Center for Veterinary Medicine (of the FDA)

4) Университет: College Of Veterinary Medicine

5) Физиология: Complex Vertebral Malformation

6) Банковское дело: Cardholder Verification Method

7) Экология: МВО, метод вероятностной оценки

8) Деловая лексика: Card Verification Method

9) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Constant Value Money

10) ЕБРР: метод предположительной оценки (см. contingent valuation method), метод субъективной/интуитивной оценки

11) Макаров: contingent valuation method

12) Молочное производство: Cervico Vaginal

13) AMEX. Cel-Sci Corporation

1. correlation voltmeter - корреляционный вольтметр;

2. critical variable memory - память (ЗУ) критических переменных

['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)

BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.

The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.

The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.

Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.

For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:

Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.

Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.

Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.

Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.

The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.

Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.

Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.

Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.

New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.

If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.

RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.

When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.

Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.

ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.

Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.

Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.

ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.

ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.

In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.

CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:

http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.html

Most commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.

Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.

You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:

Press F2 to enter Setup

Many newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.

Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.

On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.

Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.

Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.

The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.

CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

1) управление; регулирование || управлять; регулировать

2) контроль || контролировать

3) управляющее устройство; устройство управления; регулятор

4) профессиональное мастерство, квалификация, техническая квалификация

5) pl органы управления

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- 2 1/2 D control

- method of edge waves

- access method

- speed base

- speed box

- speed car

- speed change

- speed-change box

- speed-change gear

- speed-change lever

- speed-chord

- speed control

- speed control mechanism

- speed counter

- speed demon

- speed governor

- speed-increase gear

- speed indicator

- speed law

- speed-limit device

- speed-limit signs

- speed-sensing device

- speed-sensitive switch

- accelerated speed

- access speed

- actual speed

- adjustable speed

- average speed

- authorized speed

- average speed

- basic speed

- circumferential speed

- climbing speed

- closing speed

- cruising speed

- cutting speed

- damage speed

- delivery speed

- design speed

- equilibrium speed

- final speed

- first speed

- free-running speed

- full speed

- given speed

- high speed

- idling speed

- increasing speed

- initial speed

- instantaneous speed

- intermediate speed

- level speed

- link speed

- low speed

- maximum speed

- mean speed

- no-load speed

- normal speed

- operating speed

- peripheral speed

- rated speed

- reduced speed

- rotational speed

- rotor speed

- runaway speed

- running speed

- service speed

- sliding speed

— acceleration control unit

— accelerometer unit

— actuating unit

— aileron power unit

— air base unit

— air rescue unit

— air search unit

— airborne unit

— air-breathing power unit

— air-conditioning unit

— aircraft alert unit

— aircraft carrier unit

— aircraft-arresting unit

— airdrome construction unit

— airframe characterization unit

— air-mobile unit

— airphibious unit

— air-refueling unit

— air-transported unit

— altitude simulation unit

— analog-to-digital converter unit

— antiskid unit

— antivibrational unit

— AOA units

— approach assessment unit

— approach coupler unit

— artificial-feed unit

— assisted takeoff unit

— attitude-control unit

— autochangeover unit

— autostabilizer unit

— autotracking unit

— aviation engineer unit

— aviation survey unit

— azimuth unit

— azimuthal tracking unit

— azimuth-orientation unit

— base rescue unit

— beeper unit

— bipropellant rocket unit

— bird-scaring unit

— blown tail unit

— booster propulsion unit

— brain unit

— buoyant unit

— burner unit

— butterfly tail unit

— cantilever tail unit

— central timing unit

— climb assisting unit

— cluster bomb unit

— cold rocket unit

— cold-air unit

— collective servo unit

— compatibility test unit

— computer servo unit

— conditioning unit

— constant-speed unit

— control mixing unit

— control power unit

— control unit

— conversion training unit

— converter unit

— copter unit

— coupling unit

— crash recorder unit

— crash sensor unit

— crash-proof unit

— critical power unit

— cruise propulsion unit

— cryogenic cooling unit

— cyclic-pitch servo unit

— data handling unit

— data storage unit

— data-input unit

— data-output unit

— day-fighter unit

— demand oxygen unit

— demultiplexing unit

— detection unit

— diluter-demand oxygen unit

— displacement follow-up unit

— display unit

— distance measuring unit

— Doppler unit

— double seat units

— dual-wheel unit

— eddy current unit

— eight-wheel bogie unit

— ejectable recorder unit

— ejector release unit

— electrical trim unit

— electrohydraulic unit

— electromagnetic release unit

— elevation tracking unit

— elevator power unit

— engine gauge unit

— engine unit

— engine-propeller unit

— environmental unit

— exhaust unit

— extravehicular mobility unit

— feel unit

— feel-pressure computer unit

— fin power unit

— fire-fighting unit

— flight control unit

— flight recorder unit

— flight test unit

— flight unit

— flight-type electrolysis unit

— floatation unit

— flow-control unit

— flying unit

— foam unit

— follow-up unit

— force control unit

— four-chamber thrust unit

— four-channel recording unit

— four-cylinder thrust unit

— fuel pump unit

— fuel-control unit

— fueling unit

— fuel-metering unit

— fuel-servicing unit

— galley unit

— gas-generating unit

— gear reduction unit

— gimbal unit

— guidance unit

— guided missile unit

— gyro sensing unit

— gyroscopic unit

— gyrostabilization unit

— gyrostabilized unit

— hand-held maneuvering unit

— head-up display unit

— heat-exchanging unit

— heating unit

— heliborne unit

— helicopter-ambulance unit

— high-tail unit

— high-thrust rocket unit

— hydraulic power unit

— I/O unit

— individual propulsion unit

— inertial unit

— inertial-measuring unit

— infrared detection unit

— infrared sensory unit

— instrument unit

— integral unit

— intercooler unit

— irreversible servo unit

— jatounit

— jet unit

— jet-reaction unit

— landing-gear unit

— lateral-thrust unit

— launching unit

— life-supporting unit

— lifting unit

— line replaceable unit

— liquid-oxygen-alcohol unit

— liquid-propellant unit

— liquid-rocket unit

— liquid-spring unit

— low-tail unit

— mainwheel undercarriage unit

— man/machine unit

— matching unit

— measuring unit

— memory unit

— missile control unit

— missile guidance unit

— missile unit

— missile-borne unit

— mixing unit

— mobile generator unit

— mode control unit

— monitoring unit

— monopropellant rocket unit

— motor unit

— muffler unit

— multihole unit

— multiplexing unit

— noise monitoring unit

— nonlinear unit

— nose unit

— nozzle-control unit

— nozzle-trim unit

— nuclear power unit

— oleo-pneumatic unit

— operating air unit

— operational conversion unit

— operational training unit

— optical display unit

— optical-tracking unit

— outrigger-undercarriage unit

— oxygen unit

— parachute test unit

— penetration fighter unit

— photo interpretation unit

— photographic sensory unit

— pickling unit

— pickoff unit

— playback unit

— plotting unit

— pluggable unit

— plug-in unit

— polymerization unit

— potentiometer unit

— power unit

— powerplant unit

— power-supply unit

— prefilled rocket unit

— presentation unit

— pressure-jet unit

— pressurizing unit

— processing unit

— programing unit

— propulsion unit

— pulsing unit

— pusher unit

— radar sensory unit

— radio command unit

— range unit

— rate follow-up unit

— rate-gyro unit

— RATO unit

— rato unit

— reader unit

— recce unit

— recording unit

— recycling unit

— refrigeration unit

— refrigerator unit

— refueling unit

— refueling-defueling unit

— regeneration unit

— reheat unit

— relay unit

— remote-control unit

— retro-rocket unit

— reverse-thrust unit

— rocket combustion unit

— rocket propulsion unit

— rudder power unit

— rudder-fin unit

— rudder-pedal unit

— scavenge unit

— scoring unit

— search-and-rescue unit

— secure communication unit

— self-buoyant unit

— self-checking unit

— self-contained unit

— self-destruction unit

— self-maneuvering unit

— sensing unit

— sensor unit

— sensor-conditioner unit

— sensory unit

— sequence unit

— servo control unit

— servo unit

— shaping unit

— signal multiplexing unit

— signal-conditioning unit

— single-ruddered tail unit

— six-hour recording unit

— skid control unit

— skid detector unit

— sled unit

— solid-propellant propulsion unit

— solid-propellant rocket unit

— spaceflight unit

— spare unit

— stability augmentation unit

— stall-warning unit

— starting unit

— steer-damper unit

— stellar-inertial unit

— stick pusher unit

— stick shaker unit

— storage unit

— subsequence unit

— suction unit

— superperfortnance unit

— supply unit

— survival unit

— sustainer unit

— swing-away heads-up unit

— switching unit

— synchronizing unit

— tactical control unit

— tail unit

— tailplane power unit

— tandem power unit

— target acquisition unit

— technical service unit

— telemetry unit

— test unit

— thermal unit

— three-axis rate unit

— thrust meter unit

— thrust reversal unit

— thrust unit

— time delay unit

— time indicator unit

— towing unit

— tracking radar unit

— training unit

— transducer unit

— transformer-rectifier unit

— triple-finned tail unit

— troop-carrier unit

— tuning unit

— turbine expansion unit

— turbine-engined power unit

— turbo-jet power unit

— twin-finned tail unit

— twin-nosewheel unit

— twin-tube cathode unit

— undercarriage unit

— underslung rocket unit

— unmanned spaceflight unit

— variable-thrust rocket unit

— vertical reference unit

— vertical sensing unit

— voltage-shaping unit

— warhead unit

— wheel unit